منابع مشابه
Autonomic Dysfunctions in Parkinsonian Disorders
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Symptoms of autonomic dysfunctions are common in the patients with parkinsonian disorders. Because clinical features of autonomic dysfunctions are diverse, the comprehensive evaluation is essential for the appropriate management. For the appreciation of autonomic dysfunctions and the identification of differences, patients with degenerative parkinsonisms are evaluated usi...
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a relatively common neurological disorder in the elderly. However, only 76% of patients considered clinically to have PD are confirmed to have PD after postmortem examination (Hughes et al., 1993). The most common atypical form of parkinsonism is multiple system atrophy (MSA) (Hughes et al., 1994). MSA is clinically characterized by a combination of parkinsonian, aut...
متن کاملAssessing Bradykinesia in Parkinsonian Disorders
OBJECTIVE Bradykinesia is one of the clinical hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. Clinical ratings scales and technology-based assessments have been developed to measure bradykinesia. We review the different tools that exist for measurement of bradykinesia and analyze their reliability and applicability to PD and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. METHODS ...
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Parkinsonian disorders comprise a variety of diseases, with differing pathology, natural history and prognosis. Although the most common is idiopathic (classical) Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is increasing recognition of ‘atypical’ parkinsonian disorders, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Lewy body disease (LBD) (1) (Fig. 1, see over). In some pa...
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Microglial activation is a key aspect of the neuroinflammatory process in neurodegenerative disorders including idiopathic and atypical parkinsonian disorders. With positron emission tomography (PET) it has become possible to image this phenomenon in vivo and over the last years patterns of microglia activation corresponding with the known distribution of neuropathological changes in these diso...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Neurology
سال: 2021
ISSN: 1664-2295
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.656599